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What is Xerostomia?
Xerostomia is just another word for dry mouth. Everyone has
experienced a dry mouth, but if you have a dry mouth all the time,
it can lead to serious health problems. Xerostomia is the condition
of not having enough saliva to keep the mouth wet.
Problems
- dry mouth can cause difficulties in tasting, chewing,
swallowing, and speaking
- dry mouth can increase your chance of developing cavities
and other infections in the mouth
- dry mouth can be a sign of certain diseases and conditions
- dry mouth can be caused by certain medications or medical
treatments, such as radiation treatments
Symptoms
- a sticky, dry feeling in the mouth
- trouble chewing, swallowing, tasting, or speaking
- a burning feeling in the mouth
- a dry feeling in the throat cracked lips a dry, tough tongue
mouth sores an infection in the mouth
Importance of Saliva
- It helps digest food
- It protects teeth from decay
- It prevents infection by controlling bacteria and fungi in
the mouth
- It makes it possible for you to chew and swallow
Without enough saliva you can develop tooth decay or other
infections in the mouth. You also might not get the nutrients you
need if you cannot chew and swallow certain foods.
Some people feel a dry mouth even if their salivary glands are
working correctly. People with certain disorders, like Alzheimer's
disease or those who have suffered a stroke, may not be able to feel
wetness in their mouth and may think their mouth is dry even though
it is not.
Causes
Dry mouth is caused when glands in the mouth that make saliva are
not working the correct way. This is due to the fact that there
might not be enough saliva to keep your mouth wet. There are many
reasons why your glands may not work correctly:
- Side effects of some medicines. More than 400
medicines can cause the salivary glands to make less saliva.
Medicines for high blood pressure and depression often cause dry
mouth.
- Disease. Some diseases affect the salivary glands.
Sjögren's Syndrome, HIV/AIDS, diabetes, and Parkinson's disease
can all cause dry mouth.
- Radiation therapy. The salivary glands can be damaged
if they are exposed to radiation during cancer treatment.
- Chemotherapy. Drugs used to treat cancer can make
saliva thicker, causing the mouth to feel dry.
- Nerve damage. Injury to the head or neck can damage
the nerves that tell salivary glands to make saliva.
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Definition : Xerostomia is the medical term for dry mouth. Xerostomia is the
abnormal decreased amount of saliva because of medication, disease,
or medical therapy.
Description
The lack of saliva can cause serious medical issues. The
reduction of saliva makes swallowing difficult, decreased taste, and
promote tooth decay.
Causes and symptoms
Dry mouth, resulting from thickened or reduced salvia flow, can
be caused by a number of factors: medications, both prescription and
over-the-counter; systemic diseases, such as anemia or diabetes,
manifestations of Sjögren's syndrome (as rheumatoid arthritis,
lupus, chronic hardening and thickening of the skin, or chronic and
progressive inflammation of sketal muscles); infections of the
salivary glands; blockage of the salivary ducts caused by stones or
tumors forming in the ducts through which the saliva passes;
dehydration; medical therapies, such as local surgery or radiation;
secretion reduction normally involved in the aging process; and
emotional stress.
Diagnosis
The diagnosis of dry mouth is not difficult. The patient will
state that his or her saliva is very thick or non-existent. Finding
the cause of the dry mouth may be more difficult and require some
laboratory testing. Salivary gland biopsy for stones or tumors
should be performed if indicated.
Treatment
The treatment of dry mouth involves the management of the
condition causing it. If dry mouth is caused by medication, the
medication should be changed. If dry mouth is caused by blockage of
the salivary ducts, the cause of the blockage should be
investigated. When systemic diseases, such as diabetes and anemia,
are brought under control dry mouth problems may decrease.
The use of caffeine-containing beverages, alcoholic beverages,
and mouthwashes containing alcohol should be minimized. The drinking
of water and fruit juices will decrease dry mouth problems. Chewing
gum and lemon drops can be used to stimulate saliva flow. Bitters
also can initiate salivary flow as long as the salivary glands and
ducts are functional. Commercial saliva substitutes are available
without prescription and can be used as frequently as needed. Use of
a humidifier in the bedroom reduces nighttime oral dryness.
Prognosis
The prognosis for patients with xerostomia due to medication
problems is good, if the offending agent can be changed. Dry mouth
due to systemic problems may be eliminated or improved once the
disease causing the dry mouth is under control. Persistent
xerostomia can be managed well with saliva substitutes.
Prevention
Patients need to go to their healthcare provider for medication
prescription to treat dry mouth. Patients that have persistent
xerostomia have to practice good oral hygiene and visit the dentist
on a regular basis. The lack of saliva causes severe dental decay. A
lot of radiation exposure may have a factor in the function of the
salivary glands. Consult with a therapist to minimize exposure to
the salivary glands.
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